94 Constitutional Amendments In 60 Years

[gjakumar]

94 CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS IN 60 YEARS


After our constituion came into force in 1950, the constitution has been amended 94 times.Important Amendments are 1, 4, 6 , 7, 24, 25, 26, 31, 32, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 52, 61, 65, 73, 74, 76, 86, 91 and 93.


1st Amendment, 1951 June 18 :First and important constitutional amendment.It provided new grounds of restriction to right to freedom of speechand expression and right to practice any profession as contained in Art 19.Inserted 9th schedule, which made acts which were beyond the challenge of courts for Infringement of F Rights.


4th Amendment, 1956 Apr27: when govt compulsorily acquires private property for public purpose, the scale of compenasation cannot be questioned in the court of law.


6th Amendment, 1956 Sept 11: Matter of taxation of Inter state sale a Union subject.


7th Amendment ,1956 Oct 19 : Giving effect to the recommendations of State Reorgn Commission and necessary changes.


24th Amendment , 1971 Nov 5 : Powers to the parliament to amend any part of constitution, including F Rights, neutralising the SC judgement in Golaknath case.


25th Amendment, 1972 Apr 20 :In the wake of Bank Nationalisation case, the word ‘amount’ was substituted in the place of ‘compensation’ in the light of judicial interpretation of the word compenasation meaning ‘adequate compensation’.


26th Amendment, 1971 Dec 28 : withdrawing the recognition given to the former rulers of princely states.


28th Amendment Act, 1972 Aug 29 : abolished the priveleges enjoyed by the members of Indian Civil services.ICS repealed.


31st Amendment Act, 1973 Oct 17 : raised the strength of LS from 525 to 545.


32nd Amendment Act, 1974 May 3 : providing certain special provisions wrt people of Telangana in Andhra Pradesh.


38th Amendment Act, 1975 Aug 1 : declaration of emergency by the President and promulgation of ordinances by President and Governor not justicable.


39th Amendment Act, 1975 Aug 10 : election of President, Vice President, PM and speaker beyond judicial scrutiny. This was brought due the judgement by the Allahabad court which of against Smt.Indira Gandhi.


42nd Amendment Act, 1977 Apr 1 : This was the time when Indira Gandhi imposed emergency in the country. Most of the parts of constitution changed. Important among them are Preamble, Precedence of Directive Principles over F Rights, Introduction of Fundamental Duties.


43rd Amendment Act, 1978 Apr 13 :Janata party came to power after emergency. It restored the constitution back and cahnages made to F rights and etc.,.


44th Amendment Act,1979 Apr30 : to remove the distortions that the 42nd amendment had brought during the emergency.


52nd Amendment Act,, 1985 Feb 15 : to curb defections by disqualifying , popularly known as Anti Defection Act. It was brought during Rajiv Gandhi’s tenure.


61st Amendment Act, 1988 March 28: reduced the minimum voting age from 21 years to 18 years .



65th Amendment Act, 1992 March 12 : statutory status to SC/ST commission.


73rd and 74th Amendment Act, 1993 Apr 24, June 1 : constitutional staus to panchayat system and municipalities.


76th Amendment Act, 1994 Aug 31 : 69 percent reservation in educational institutions in Tamil nadu, included in 9th Schedule.


86th Amendment Act, 2002 Dec 12 : Right to education a fundamental right for children in 6-14 age group.


91st Amendment Act, 2004 Jan1 : Restricting strength of council of ministers to 15 percent of total members of the house .


93rd Amendment Act, 2006 Jan 20 : Reservations for OBC’s in pvt and govt educational institutions.
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[azeem1984]

it is very gooood